However, this may be a tall-order because of the sheer number of masts and spread across the country
Militant Islamist group Boko Haram said it had carried out the attacks, affecting nine mobile phone companies, on Wednesday evening.
It had threatened such attacks, accusing the firms of helping security agencies to monitor its members.
Security guarantee welcomed
Police IG Mohammed Abubakar said all Zonal headquarters had been told to set up special units to protect the installations.
"This order is sequel to recent security development in some parts of the country where these equipment and installations have become vulnerable and targets of reckless attacks and wilful destruction," he said in a statement.
Representatives of the main providers, who met in Lagos on Friday, welcomed the police move.
"With that guarantee, we will continue to provide services so we do not intend to discontinue services," Gbenga Adebayo, chairman of the Association of Licensed Telecom Companies of Nigeria, told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme.
He said the mobile phone operators were particularly concerned about the economic impact this would have in the areas affected by the network disruption.
"It has been difficult to provide uninterrupted services… in the places bombed, people do not have services on their telephones and the few areas where they have fringes of signal there are cases of congestion because of overload on those few sites," he explained.
Experts say the damage to the mobile phone masts is likely to run into millions of dollars as the cost of a single tower can exceed $1m (£627,000).
Boko Haram launched a military campaign in 2009 to fight for Islamic rule, bombing government buildings, churches and assassinating moderate Muslim clerics.
In February, it threatened to attack Nigerian telecom companies - accusing them of breaking their "ethical obligations" and helping the security forces to monitor and track down its members.
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